     On  the  ECMC  Linux  systems  cd burning can be accom
plished either by using  a  graphical  application  such  as
_g_t_o_a_s_t_e_r or else by using the following ECMC scripts:

     _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d  : displays command lines for making a data cd
     backup of requested files and/or directories
     _c_p_d_a_t_a_c_d :   displays  command  lines  for  copying  an
     existing data cd to a blank new CDR or CDRW disc
     _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  : creates an editable table-of-contents file
     that then is used by _b_u_r_n_a_u_d_i_o_c_d to  record  soundfiles
     to a blank CDR disc
     _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  :  interactive script that leads you through
     the process of copying an audio cd to a blank  new  CDR
     disc
     _b_u_r_n_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  : runs _c_d_r_d_a_o to burn an audio cd, using a
     TOC file previously created by _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d or _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d
     _b_l_a_n_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d : blanks  (erases  the  table-of-contents)
     from  a  previously  written CDRW disc so that the disc
     can be re-used

A separate _e_c_m_c_h_e_l_p file covers usage of _g_t_o_a_s_t_e_r, which  is
not  discussed  here. Instead, this present _h_e_l_p file summa
rizes usage of the ECMC burning scripts listed above.   Con
sult  Section  5  of the _E_C_M_C _U_S_E_R_S_' _G_U_I_D_E for more complete
details on both these scripts and on _g_t_o_a_s_t_e_r.

     Detailed _m_a_n pages are  available  online  and  in  the
_L_I_N_U_X  _D_O_C_s  binder  for  all  of  the ECMC Linux cd burning
scripts, and for  all  of  these  scripts  except  _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d
(which  is  an  interactive  program) and the simple utility
_b_l_a_n_k_c_d_r_w, typing the command name with  no  arguments  will
display a usage summary. What follows here is a quick intro
duction to using these scripts.
       BBuurrnniinngg aauuddiioo ccddss :: mmkkaauuddiiooccdd and bbuurrnnaauuddiiooccdd

     _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d creates an editable  ascii  table-of-contents
file  that supplies all of the information necesaary to burn
an audio cd. It also tests this file to  make  certain  that
everything  makes sense and that the input soundfiles can be
read correctly by the cd burning software and hardware. Once
this file has been fully prepared, it is read by the compan
ion script _b_u_r_n_a_u_d_i_o_c_d to record the  soundfiles  to  a  CDR
disc.

The _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d syntax is:
              _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  _[_-_n_o_c_o_p_y_] _S_O_U_N_D_F_I_L_E_S
where _S_O_U_N_D_F_I_L_E_S is a list of WAVE or .cdr format soundfiles
to be written to a cdr disc. The _-_n_o_c_o_p_y flag, if  included,
will  make  it impossible (well ... at least very difficult)
for anyone to  digitally  copy  sound  from  this  disc.  By
default (without this flag) copying will be allowed.

Example: The command:
                _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  _m_i_x_1  _m_i_x_2  _m_i_x_3

will create the file _a_u_d_i_o_c_d_._t_o_c in your home Unix directory
and will run this file through _c_d_r_d_a_o in test mode, display
ing the results of this quick check in your shell window. If
_c_d_r_d_a_o encounters errors, it will report them, but  this  is
rare. The _a_u_d_i_o_c_d_._t_o_c will look something like this:
      _C_D___D_A
      _/_/ _C_o_p_i_e_s _o_f _t_h_i_s _c_d _w_i_l_l _b_e _p_e_r_m_i_t_t_e_d_.
     _T_R_A_C_K _A_U_D_I_O _/_/ _T_r_a_c_k _1
     _C_O_P_Y
     _P_R_E_G_A_P  _0_:_2_:_0  _/_/  _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d  _0 _m_i_n_u_t_e _2 _s_e_c_o_n_d _0 _s_e_c_t_o_r
     _p_r_e_-_g_a_p _s_i_l_e_n_c_e _(_c_a_n _b_e _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_)
     _F_I_L_E _"_/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_m_i_x_1_" _0

     _T_R_A_C_K _A_U_D_I_O _/_/ _T_r_a_c_k _2
     _C_O_P_Y
     _P_R_E_G_A_P _0_:_2_:_0 _/_/ _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d _0 _m_i_n_u_t_e  _2  _s_e_c_o_n_d  _0  _s_e_c_t_o_r
     _p_r_e_-_g_a_p _s_i_l_e_n_c_e _(_c_a_n _b_e _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_)
     _F_I_L_E _"_/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_m_i_x_2_" _0

     _T_R_A_C_K _A_U_D_I_O _/_/ _T_r_a_c_k _3
     _C_O_P_Y
     _P_R_E_G_A_P  _0_:_2_:_0  _/_/  _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d  _0 _m_i_n_u_t_e _2 _s_e_c_o_n_d _0 _s_e_c_t_o_r
     _p_r_e_-_g_a_p _s_i_l_e_n_c_e _(_c_a_n _b_e _c_h_a_n_g_e_d_)
     _F_I_L_E _"_/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_m_i_x_3_" _0
Each _T_R_A_C_K _A_U_D_I_O line begins the specifications  for  a  new
audio  track  on the cd.  The _P_R_E_G_A_P lines set the timing of
an inter-track silence before each track. The three numbers,
separated by colons, specify
                   minutes:seconds:frames
The  _f_r_a_m_e_s  argument  is  NOT in fractions of a second, but
rather in _s_e_c_t_o_r_s, with each sector equalling 1/75 of a sec
ond.  Note  that  default pre-gap duration provided by _m_k_a_u_
_d_i_o_c_d for each track is the standard 2 seconds of silence.

Often, the _a_u_d_i_o_c_d_._t_o_c file created by _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d will create
a  disc exactly the way we want it. But if not -- if we want
to set the PRE-GAPs to some duration other than  2  seconds,
for  example,  or to record only a portion of a soundfile to
the cd -- we can edit this file with  any  text  editor  and
make the desired changes. Examples are provided on the _m_k_a_u_
_d_i_o_c_d _m_a_n page.

     When specifying input soundfiles on  _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  command
lines,  Unix  wild  card character can be used. For example,
the command
                       _m_k_a_u_d_i_o_c_d _m_i_x_*
will  create tracks for all soundfiles within  your  current
working soundfile directory whose names begin with the char
acter string "_m_i_x".

     When the TOC file is ready, we can burn the cd by issu
ing the command
                       _b_u_r_n_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  _-
CCooppyyiinngg aauuddiioo ccddss :: ccppaauuddiiooccdd ((and, for multiple copies, bbuurrnnaauuddiiooccdd)

     _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  is an interactive script -- launched with no
arguments by simply typing _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d in a  shell  window  --
that  guides you through four steps in making a duplicate of
an audio cd. The source cd must be loaded  into  the  cd-rom
drive  and a blank cd loaded into the cd burner drive. Diag
nostics are reported, and you can abort if there  are  error
messages, during the following procedures:
     (1) Copying the entire contents of the source cd into a
     temporary file
     (2) Testing the extracted data to make certain  it  can
     be read correctly during burning
     (3) Burning the cd copy
The  fourth  step is diagnostic. _c_p_a_u_d_i_o_c_d will tell you how
can can burn additional copies  with  _b_u_r_n_a_u_d_i_o_c_d  from  the
temporary image file, and how to clean up.
               EErraassiinngg CCDDRRWW ddiissccss :: bbllaannkkccddrrww

     Typing  _b_l_a_n_k_c_d_r_w  in  a shell window with a previously
written CDRW disc loaded into the cd burner will  cause  the
table-of-contents  on  this  disc  to be erased, so that the
disc can be re-used. That's  really  all  there  is  to  it,
although  the _m_a_n page contains some additional information.
               RReeccoorrddiinngg ddaattaa CCDDss :: mmkkddaattaaccdd

     The syntax for _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d is:
                      _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d  _F_I_L_E_S
where _F_I_L_E_S is a list of files and/or  complete  directories
to be written to a CDR or a CDRW disc.  Unix wild card char
acters such as * can be used to  specify  groups  of  files.
The  files  can include soundfiles, ascii files or any other
type of file.

     _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d does not record a data cd for you, but  merely
display  command  lines, including the files/directories you
wish to archive and optimized  for  the  ECMC  Linux  system
hardware,  that  will  get  the  job  done.  Here's a simple
illustration. Typing:
                   _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d _$_S_F_D_I_R_/_s_h_a_k_e_*
will produce a display like the following:
                    ____________________
_# _S_e_e _t_h_e _"_m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d_" _m_a_n _p_a_g_e _f_o_r _f_u_l_l _u_s_a_g_e _d_e_t_a_i_l_s_.
 _#  _-_> _I_f _y_o_u _a_r_e  _u_s_i_n_g  _a  _c_d_r_w  _d_i_s_k  _i_t  _m_u_s_t  _b_e  _B_L_A_N_K
_(_e_r_a_s_e_d_) _b_e_f_o_r_e _u_s_i_n_g_.
 _#   _-_>  _T_o _d_o _a _s_i_m_u_l_a_t_e_d _b_u_r_n _o_n_l_y _a_d_d _a _-_d_u_m_m_y _f_l_a_g _a_f_t_e_r
_t_h_e _-_v _t_o _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d
 _# _F_o_r _a _W_i_n_d_o_w_s_-_f_r_i_e_n_d_l_y _d_i_s_c _i_n_c_l_u_d_e _a  _-_J  _a_f_t_e_r  _t_h_e  _-_r
_f_l_a_g _t_o _m_k_i_s_o_f_s
_#  _U_s_e  _E_I_T_H_E_R  _m_e_t_h_o_d  _(_1_) _O_R _E_L_S_E _m_e_t_h_o_d _(_2_) _o_f _t_h_e _u_n_c_o_m_
_m_e_n_t_e_d _l_i_n_e_s _b_e_l_o_w
  _#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#
    _# _(_1_) _T_h_e _o_n_e_-_s_t_e_p _m_e_t_h_o_d _(_c_r_e_a_t_e _a _d_a_t_a _i_m_a_g_e _& _p_i_p_e _i_t
_t_o _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d_)_:
nniiccee  --1188  mmkkiissooffss  --rr  //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee11  //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee22
//ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee33  //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee44   //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee55   ||

ccddrreeccoorrdd --vv ffss==66mm ssppeeeedd==1166 --

  _#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#
    _# _(_2_) _T_h_e _2_-_s_t_e_p _m_e_t_h_o_d _(_f_i_r_s_t _c_r_e_a_t_e _a_n _i_m_a_g_e _f_i_l_e _t_h_e_n
_w_r_i_t_e _i_t _t_o _a _c_d_) _:
mmkkiissooffss  --rr  --oo   //ssnndd//aallllaann//ddaattaaccddiimmaaggee   //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee11
//ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee22     //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee33    //ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee44
//ssnndd//aallllaann//sshhaakkee55
ccddrreeccoorrdd --vv --ddaattaa ffss==66mm ssppeeeedd==1166 //ssnndd//aallllaann//ddaattaaccddiimmaaggee
 _# _W_h_e_n _y_o_u _a_r_e _d_o_n_e_, _b_e _s_u_r_e _t_o _r_e_m_o_v_e _f_i_l_e _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_d_a_t_
_a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e
                    ____________________
In  this display, the lines beginning with the shell comment
symbol # (shown here is italicized small  font)  are  merely
diagnostic,  while the command lines to _m_k_i_s_o_f_s and _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d
that actually will do the work are shown  here  in  boldface
font.  The display provides two alternative methods for cre
ating the cd:

1)   A one-step, "on-the-fly" method.  _m_k_i_s_o_f_s  consolidates
     the input files/directories into an _I_S_O_-_9_6_6_0 image that
     is buffered and piped  to  _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d,  which  burns  the
     image to the cd.
     To  use  this  method, we can simply drag over the long
     line
       _n_i_c_e     _-_1_8     _m_k_i_s_o_f_s     _-_r     _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_1
     _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_2  _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_3  _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_4
     _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_5 _| _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d _-_v _f_s_=_6_m _s_p_e_e_d_=_1_6 _-
     with the left mouse button (to place the  line  on  the
     "clipboard")  and  then, in another shell window, click
     the middle mouse button and tap a  carriage  return  to
     execute this command.

2)   In  the bottom half of the display, the script provides
     an alternative method, in which the the the creation of
     the  _I_S_O  image and the cd burning are divided into two
     processes to be run consecutively. Although this method
     is  slower, if anything goes wrong in the first step we
     can abort without adding to our coaster collection.  To
     execute this sequence, we first copy the line
       _m_k_i_s_o_f_s       _-_r       _-_o      _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_d_a_t_a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e
     _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_1  _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_2  _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_3
     _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_4 _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_s_h_a_k_e_5
     and  paste  it into another shell window, followed by a
     carriage return, to create a hard  disk  image  of  the
     disc  in  the  temporary file _$_S_F_D_I_R_/_d_a_t_a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e. If no
     error messages occur, we burn the  cd  by  pasting  the
     line
        _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d  _-_v  _-_d_a_t_a  _f_s_=_6_m  _s_p_e_e_d_=_1_6 _/_s_n_d_/_a_l_l_a_n_/_d_a_t_
     _a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e
     into another shell window.  If  we  wish  to  make  any
     changes  in  the  commands  provided by _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d -- for
     example, doing a test simulated burn -- we can  capture
     the  display  in  a file and edit the file. See the _m_a_n
     page for more information.

Note that by typing
                         _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d _*
you can obtain commands for backing up your  entire  current
Unix directory. If you type
                     _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d _$_S_F_D_I_R_/_*
_m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d  will provide you with commands for backing up your
entire current soundfile directory to a cd (if all of  these
soundfiles  will fit). By compressing files (with _t_a_r and/or
_g_z_i_p or _b_z_i_p_2) we can  squeeze  more  data  onto  a  cd,  of
course.
               CCooppyyiinngg ddaattaa CCDDss :: ccooppyyddaattaaccdd

     The  _c_p_d_a_t_a_c_d  script  works in a manner similar to its
_m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d cousin, displaying command lines that can be pasted
into  another shell window, or else captured into a file and
edited, and then executed. Also like _m_k_d_a_t_a_c_d, the  _c_p_d_a_t_a_c_d
script presents us with two alternative methods:
     (1)  A  one-step,  on-the-fly method in which data read
     from the source cd loaded  into  the  cd-rom  drive  is
     streamed  to  the cd burner for writing on the destina
     tion cd:
        _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d _-_v _d_e_v_=_1_,_0_,_0 _s_p_e_e_d_=_1_6 _-_i_s_o_s_i_z_e _/_d_e_v_/_c_d_r_o_m
     (2) A two-step method,  in  which  the  data  from  the
     source  cd  first is written into a temporary hard disk
     file:
            _d_d _i_f_=_/_d_e_v_/_c_d_r_o_m _o_f_=_/_s_n_d_/_U_I_D_/_d_a_t_a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e
     and this image file then is written to the data cd:
         _c_d_r_e_c_o_r_d _-_v _-_d_a_t_a _s_p_e_e_d_=_1_6 _/_s_n_d_/_U_I_D_/_d_a_t_a_c_d_i_m_a_g_e
See the _m_a_n page for the _c_p_d_a_t_a_c_d for more details  on  this
simple script.

    Last updated August 2001
