                   ssfflliibb ddiirreeccttoorryy _a_f_r_i_c_a

This  directory  includes  sounds  from various African cul
tures.  Currently, almost all of the soundfiles within  this
directory were taken from the _H_e_a_r_t _o_f _A_f_r_i_c_a compact discs.
A few soundfiles in the _s_f_l_i_b_/_p_e_r_c directory, including  the
_x_y_l_o_1  soundfiles, also were derived from these compact disc
recordings.  DAT copies of this complete _H_e_a_r_t _o_f _A_f_r_i_c_a set
are  available  for  sign-out,  and  contain many additional
sound sources beyond  those  included  in  the  _s_f_l_i_b_/_a_f_r_i_c_a
directory,  including  ambient  sounds, animal noises, crowd
scenes and much more.

((11)) VVOOCCAALL SSOOUUNNDDSS::
      Male choir, exclamations and short melodic fragments:
     5  mono soundfiles: _c_h_o_i_r_._h_e_y_, _c_h_o_i_r_._m_u_m_, _c_h_o_i_r_._v_o_o_g_a_h_,
     _c_h_o_i_r_._o_o_w_a_h and _c_h_o_i_r_._o_o_m_a_y_o
      Male choir whispered vowels: 5 soundfiles  in  stereo
     as well as mono versions: _w_h_i_s_p_e_r_._a_h_, _._a_y_, _._e_e_, _._o_h and
     _._o_o

((22)) AAEERROOPPHHOONNEESS::
      conch shells : 2 soundfiles, pitched _c_4  and  _c_5,  in
     stereo as well as mono versions
       _k_u_d_u_h_o_r_n_s,  3 mono soundfiles and 3 stereo versions;
     _k_u_d_u_h_o_r_n_._1 is pitched at g4; _k_u_d_u_h_o_r_n_._2 glissandos into
     and out of_c_4; and _k_u_d_u_h_o_r_n_._3 includes pitches at g2 and
     d5
     _p_i_g_m_y_p_i_p_e_s : 8 soundfiles, pitched _g_3 through _g_5

((33)) CCHHOORRDDOOPPHHOONNEESS::
      berimbaus : the timbre resembles  that  of  a  steel-
     stringed guitar; 7 soundfiles:
          2 undamped tones: _b_e_r_i_m_b_a_u_s_._b_2 and _b_e_r_i_m_b_a_u_s_._c_s_4
          5  damped  tones, all on _c_s_3, ordered from hardest
          pick, brightest timbre (_b_e_r_i_m_b_a_u_s_._c_s_._1) to softest
          pick, mellowist timbre (_b_e_r_i_m_b_a_u_s_._c_s_3_._5). The tim
          bres here are similar to the _h_a_l_a_m soundfiles.
      _h_a_l_a_m : 5 stringed guitar-like instrument ; 7  sound
     files:
          5  multisamples  of  individual tones, pitched _d_s_3
          through _f_s_4
          2  additional  soundfiles:  an  F#   major   triad
          (_h_a_l_a_m_._F_s_m_a_j) and an octave fs3/fs4 (_h_a_l_a_m_._f_s_._o_c_t)

                        - - - - - - -
_P_E_R_C_U_S_S_I_V_E _S_O_U_N_D_S_:

((44)) MMEEMMBBRRAANNOOPPHHOONNEESS :
      _s_a_n_g_b_a : large, bass drum-like instrument (similar to
     _b_u_r_u_n_d_i);
          10  mono  and  9  stereo soundfiles, arranged in 3
          groups:
               => 4 normal hits: _s_a_n_g_b_a_1 through _s_a_n_g_b_a_4

               => 2 hard hits: _s_a_n_g_b_a_._h_a_r_d_1 and _s_a_n_g_b_a_._h_a_r_d_2
               =>  4  short, "dry" hits: _s_a_n_g_b_a_._d_r_y_1 through
               _s_a_n_g_b_a_._d_r_y_4
          Within each of these 3 groups, the soundfiles  are
          organized  from  hardest  and  brightest (_s_a_n_g_b_a_1_,
          _s_a_n_g_b_a_._d_r_y_1_, _s_a_n_g_b_a_._h_a_r_d_1) through "softest."   _S_T
          (stereo)  versions  are available for all of these
          soundfiles except for _s_a_n_g_b_a_4
      _b_u_r_u_n_d_i : large, bass drum-like  instrument  (similar
     to _s_a_n_g_b_a); 10 soundfiles
          7  hits,  arranged  in  order from the hardest hit
          (_b_u_r_u_n_d_i_1) to the softest hit (_b_u_r_u_n_d_i_7)
          2 rolls (_b_u_r_u_n_d_i_._r_o_l_l and _b_u_r_u_n_d_i_._r_o_l_l_._l_o)  and  a
          flam (_b_u_r_u_n_d_i_._f_l_a_m)
          _S_T  (stereo)  versions  are  available  for all of
          these   soundfiles   except    _b_u_r_u_n_d_i_._f_l_a_m    and
          _b_u_r_u_n_d_i_._r_o_l_l
       _b_e_k_i_s_e_r_a_b_a  :  African  medium pitched membranophone
     (somewhat like a tumba or conga drum)
          3 pitched strikes (_g_2_, _b_2 and _e_3),  and  a  damped
          strike of the lowest drum (_b_e_k_i_s_e_r_a_b_a_._g_2_._d_a_m_p)
          _S_T  (stereo)  version  are  available for all 4 of
          these soundfiles
      _h_a_i_r_c_u_t : unpitched membranophones, 7 soundfiles:
          5 hard hits: _h_a_i_r_c_u_t_1  through  _h_a_i_r_c_u_t_5,  ordered
          from  lowest pitched (_h_a_i_r_c_u_t_1) to highest pitched
          (_h_a_i_r_c_u_t_5)
          2 almost identical-sounding soundfiles with softer
          hits (_h_a_i_r_c_u_t_._s_o_f_t_1 and _._s_o_f_t_2)
       _d_j_e_m_b_e : more resonant quasi-pitched membranophones;
     5 soundfiles (_._l_o_, _._h_i_, _._s_n_a_p_, _._f_l_a_m and _._d_r_y_f_l_a_m)
      _t_a_l_k_d_r_u_m_s (membranophone hits, most with glissandi) :
     13 soundfiles : 11 hits, ordered from lowest to highest
     pitch, and 2 rim shots

((55)) IIDDIIOOPPHHOONNEESS :
=> pitched idiophonic sound sources:
      _k_a_l_i_m_b_a :  thumb  piano,  6  soundfiles,  pitched  _b_2
     through _f_4
      (see also _l_i_k_e_m_b_e and _s_a_n_s_a)
      _k_a_r_i_n_y_a and _k_a_r_y_i_n_a_._d_a_m_p : the pitch is cs6
      _l_i_k_e_m_b_e (very similar to _k_a_l_i_m_b_a but shorter in dura
     tion) : 9 soundfiles, pitched _c_s_3 through _g_4
      _l_o_g_d_r_u_m_s : 2 groups:
          _l_o_g_d_r_u_m_1 : hard attacks, bright timbres, 5  sound
          files, pitched _c_2 through _c_4
          _l_o_g_d_r_u_m_2 : soft mallets and attacks, more delicate
          timbres, 5 soundfiles, pitched _e_3 through _g_s_4
      _c_l_a_y_p_o_t_s : 7 soundfiles
          5 pitched tones : _d_2_, _f_2_, _a_2_, _c_3 and _f_3
          one damped tone (_._d_2_._d_m_p) and one roll (_._f_3_._r_o_l_l)
      3 _g_a_n_k_o_g_u_i soundfiles: timbre is similar  to  pitched
     (but "out of tune") cowbells
       _s_a_n_s_a  :  thumb  piano,  buzzy timbre, 4 soundfiles,
     pitched _g_3_, _c_4_, _g_4  and _c_5
      _s_l_i_t _d_r_u_m_s : 14  soundfiles, pitched _c_3 through _b_4

=> quasi-pitched idiophonic sound sources:
        _g_a_n_k_o_g_u_i_._l_o   (pitch   is    approximately    _a_f_4);
     gankogui.med (pitch is approximately _c_5, but flat); and
     _g_a_n_k_o_g_u_i_._h_i (pitch is approximately _f_5, but sharp)
      _d_u_m_b_e_k : 4 soundfiles (_d_u_m_b_e_k_1 through _d_u_m_b_e_k_4), with
     hard  attacks and approximate pitches of _c_3_, _b_3_, _c_4 and
     _d_4
=> unpitched idiophonic sound sources, short single hits:

       _g_u_i_r_o  :  3  soundfiles  :  _g_u_i_r_o_,  _g_u_i_r_o_._s_h_o_r_t  and
     _g_u_i_r_o_._d_b_l (double scrape)
      _s_t_i_c_k_._1 and _s_t_i_c_k_._2 _; _r_i_v_e_r_p_o_d_s ; _f_i_n_g_e_r_s_n_a_p_s
     (_S_T  versions  are  available for all 4 of these sound
     files)
     _r_a_i_n_s_t_i_c_k_s and  _S_T_r_a_i_n_s_t_i_c_k_s  (8.31  second  sustained,
     "tremolo" sound produced by continuous hits)
       foot  stamps by the _b_u_l_a_w_a_y_o tribe : 2 mono and 2 _S_T
     soundfiles
      _w_i_n_d_h_o_e_k_._s_t_a_m_p and _S_T_w_i_n_d_h_o_e_k_._s_t_a_m_p : a  sharp,  low-
     pitched, resonant slap

((66)) MMEETTAALLLLOOPPHHOONNEESS :
_P_i_t_c_h_e_d _m_e_t_a_l_l_o_p_h_o_n_e_s_:

       _b_e_l_l_b_a_l_a_f_o_n    ("dry" bells) ; 4 soundfiles, pitched
     _g_4_, _c_5_, _g_5 and _c_6

_U_n_p_i_t_c_h_e_d _m_e_t_a_l_l_o_p_h_o_n_e_s_:
      _a_n_k_l_e_b_r_a_c_e_l_e_t_s : 3 soundfiles (_h_i_, _l_o and _l_o_._d_r_y)

      mouth rattles : 2 mono  soundfiles  (_m_o_u_t_h_r_a_t_t_l_e  and
     _m_o_u_t_h_r_a_t_t_l_e_._l_o_n_g) and stereo versions

      _d_a_n_c_e_b_e_l_l_s : 4 soundfiles (_._l_o_1_, _._l_o_2_, _._h_i_1 and _._h_i_2)

((77)) SShhaakkeerrss aanndd mmiisscceellllaanneeoouuss PPEERRCCUUSSSSIIVVEE ssoouunnddss::
      Shakers from Ghana and Ethiopia:
          =>  16  short,   individual   _s_h_a_k_e_r   soundfiles,
          arranged  in  3  groups  by general pitch register
          (_._l_o_, _._m_e_d  and  _._h_i).  Within  each  of  these  3
          groups,  the  soundfiles are ordered from shortest
          (_._l_o_1_, _._m_e_d_1 and _._h_i_1) to longest.
          =>  sustained,  continuous  shakes:  _s_h_a_k_e_r_._g_h_a_n_a_,
          _e_t_h_._m_e_t_a_l_._s_h_a_k_e   and  _e_t_h_._m_e_t_a_l_._s_h_a_k_e_._l_o_n_g  ;  _S_T
          (stereo) versions also exist for  these  3  sound
          files
          =>  16  _r_i_c_e_s_h_a_k_e_r  (rice shaker) soundfiles, in 2
          groups:
                The _r_i_c_e_s_h_a_k_e_r_1 and _r_i_c_e_s_h_a_k_e_r_2  soundfiles
               are  high  pitched,  like  the other "shaker"
               soundfiles in this directory

                the _r_i_c_e_s_h_a_k_e_r_l_o and  _r_i_c_e_s_h_a_k_e_r_m_i_d  groups
               of soundfiles are lower pitched and more sim
               ilar in timbre to a guiro
      2 _s_h_e_k_e_r_e_s with chiffy, shaker-like attacks,  pitched
     at _a_1 and _a_2

