           Notes on some of the soundfiles in the
            sflib  _p_e_r_c (percussion) directory:

This directory includes sound sources commonly used in West
ern art music and popular music. Many additional  percussive
sound  sources  native  to  various "world" (non-Western and
ethnic) cultures are available within other  _s_f_l_i_b  directo
ries  (e.g.  the _a_f_r_i_c_a_, _a_s_i_a_, _c_h_i_n_a_p_e_r_c_, _g_a_m_e_l_a_n_, and _w_o_r_l_d
directories), and some of these percussive sounds,  such  as
the  _l_o_g _d_r_u_m and _s_l_i_t _d_r_u_m sources within the _a_f_r_i_c_a direc
tory, have become increasinglky common in Western  music  as
well.

                     _I_. _M_E_T_A_L_L_O_P_H_O_N_E_S _:

_G_L_O_C_K_E_N_S_P_I_E_L:
Seven  _g_l_o_c_k  multisamples,  medium  mallet  and medium hit,
pitched _g_5 through _c_8

_C_R_O_T_A_L_E_S_:
_c_r_t_._f_s_5      crotale with strike tone of fs5
_c_r_t_._d_6      crotale with strike tone of d6
_c_r_t_._f_6      crotale with strike tone of f6
_c_r_t_._g_s_6     crotale with strike tone of gs6
_c_r_t_._c_s_7     crotale with strike tone of cs7


_B_E_L_L_T_R_E_E_S_:
_b_t              belltree; the last bell is struck at c. .67 seconds
_m_a_r_k_t_r_e_e_._l_o_h_i   delicate bell tree, stroked low to high; last bell is struck at 1.755
_m_a_r_k_t_r_e_e_._h_i_l_o    the same bell tree, stroked high to low; last bell is struck at 1.4


_C_Y_M_B_A_L_S_:
_c_y_m_1       large cymbal struck with snare stick, emphasizing higher frequencies
           approximate strike tone is cs5
_c_y_m_2       large cymbal struck with a yarn mallet; strike tone is
           approximately c4
_c_y_m_3       small cymbal struck with hard mallet in middle of cymbal
           emphasizing lower frequencies; approximate strike tone is e4
_f_i_n_g_c_y_m    small finger cymbals ; strike tone = d6

The 12 _h_a_n_d_c_y_m soundfiles are samples of hand  cymbals  used
in European folk music.

_h_i_h_a_t_._o_p_e_n and _h_i_h_a_t_._c_l_o_s_e_d


_G_O_N_G_S_:
_g_o_n_g_._b_f_2   medium gong; approximate strike tone is bf2
_g_o_n_g_._e_f_3   smaller gong; approximate strike tone is ef3

ALPENGLOCKEN and CENCERROS

The  4  _a_l_p_g_l_o_c_k (alpenglocken) soundfiles (_b_4_, _c_s_5_, _f_s_5 and
_g_s_5)  and the 4 _c_e_n_c (cencerros) soundfiles (pitched at _a_s_4_,
_c_s_5_,  _e_5  and  _g_s_5)  are  similar in timbre to cowbells, but
these eight soundfiles differ markedly in timbre and  attack
hardness.
_a_l_p_g_l_o_c_k_._c_s_5  is  the  brightest alpenglocken tone, with the
hardest hit (as though struck by a snare  stick),  and  _a_l_p_
_g_l_o_c_k_._f_s_5  is  the "mellowist," as though struck with a soft
yarn mallet.

_M_E_T_A_L _P_L_A_T_E_S_:
_p_l_a_t_e_1          struck with hard mallet; approximate strike tone is e4
_p_l_a_t_e_2          struck with softer mallet; approximate strike tone is a4 (but flat)


_T_R_I_A_N_G_L_E_S_:
_t_r_g_1         large triangle; approximate strike tone is gs5 (but flat)
_t_r_g_2         large triangle; approximate strike tone is fs6


_T_U_B_U_L_A_R _C_H_I_M_E_S
The 5 _t_u_b_c_h_i_m_e soundfiles are tubular chimes, pitched at  _c_4
through _g_5.  The source recordings for these soundfiles were
of rather poor audio quality, and for this reason many users
will find these soundfiles unusable.  Sorry about that.

_B_E_L_L_S_:
_i_c_e_b_e_l_l       strike tone = ca. b4
_s_l_e_i_g_h_b_e_l_l_s   short, dry sleighbells strike ; strike tone = ca. f6

                         ---------------

                     II. MEMBRANOPHONES

_M_I_L_I_T_A_R_Y _D_R_U_M_S
_m_d_r_u_m            military drum struck with snare stick
_m_d_r_u_m_._b          military drum struck with wire brush
_m_d_r_u_m_._b_r_o_l_l      military drum roll with wire brushes
_m_d_r_u_m_._c_r_o_s_s      military drum with cross-stick attack; "dead-stick" quality
_m_d_r_u_m_._r_o_l_l       military drum roll with snare sticks


_S_N_A_R_E _D_R_U_M_S
_s_d_r_u_m_1         large snare struck with snare stick
               approximate strike tone resonance is a3
_s_d_r_u_m_1_._c_r_o_s_s   snare drum with cross-stick hit; dry, "dead-stick" quality
_s_d_r_u_m_1_._r_o_l_l    snare stick roll
_s_d_r_u_m_1_._b       snare drum; wire brush hit; approximate perceived pitch is gs3
_s_d_r_u_m_1_._b_r_o_l_l   wire brush roll on snare drum; perceived pitch is roughly d3
_s_d_r_u_m_2         smaller, drier snare drum, strike tone is roughly a3
_s_d_r_u_m_2_._c_r_o_s_s   snare drum 2 with cross-stick hit (dry, "dead-stick" quality)
_s_d_r_u_m_2_._r_o_l_l    higher pitched & dryer than sdrum1.roll

_s_d_r_u_m_2_._b       wire brush hit on snare drum 2
_s_d_r_u_m_2_._b_r_o_l_l   wire brush roll, dryer & higher pitched than sdrum1.broll


_T_O_M _T_O_M_S _a_n_d _T_I_M_B_A_L_E_S
_t_o_m_1        10 inch tom-tom struck with finger
_t_o_m_1_._r_i_m     rim shot on 10 inch tom tom
_t_o_m_2        8 inch tom-tom struck with finger
_t_o_m_2_._r_i_m    rim shot on 8 inch tom tom
_t_i_m_b_1       large timbale struck with finger
_t_i_m_b_1_._r_i_m   finger rim shot on large timbale
_t_i_m_b_2       smaller timbale struck with finger
_t_i_m_b_1_._r_i_m   finger rim shot on smaller timbale

See  also  tce  _b_e_k_i_s_e_r_a_b_a_, _h_a_i_r_c_u_t and _d_j_e_m_b_e soundfiles in
the  _s_f_l_i_b_/_a_f_r_i_c_a  directory  for   similar   membranophonic
sounds.

_B_O_N_G_O_S _a_n_d _T_U_M_B_A
_b_o_n_g_o_1         large bongo struck with finger
_b_o_n_g_o_1_._r_o_l_l    finger roll on large bongo
_b_o_n_g_o_2         small bongo struck with finger
_b_o_n_g_o_2_._r_o_l_l    finger roll on small bongo
_c_o_n_g_a_._o_p_e_n     conga struck with finger and allowed to resonate
_c_o_n_g_a_._c_l_o_s_e_d   conga damped ("dead" finger stroke); lower pitch
_c_o_n_g_a_._p_o_p       high pitched, short duration conga finger hit
_c_o_n_g_a_._g_l_i_s_s    pitch bend applied to conga strike
_t_u_m_b_a_._o_p_e_n     resonant finger slap on tumba
_t_u_m_b_a_._c_l_o_s_e_d   lower pitched "dead" stroke on tumba


_B_A_S_S _D_R_U_M_S
_b_d_r_u_m   bass drum struck with large beater
_k_d_r_u_m   kick (foot pedal) drum; dry, damped

(Also  see  the  _b_u_r_u_n_d_i and _s_a_n_g_b_a soundfiles in the _a_f_r_i_c_a
directory for additional bass drum-like sounds.)

_T_I_M_P_A_N_I
_t_i_m_p_._c_2   large timpani struck with normal felt timpani mallet; pitch = c2
_t_i_m_p_._e_2   large timpani struck with normal felt timpani mallet; pitch = e2

Soundfiles  _t_i_m_p_._r_o_l_l_._c_3_,  _2_t_i_m_p_._r_o_l_l_._e_2  and   _t_i_m_p_._r_o_l_l_._f_3
begin with a sforzando attack followed by a roll.

A group of _h_a_n_d_d_r_u_m soundfiles are recordings of German hand
drums.
                       --------------

                      III. IDIOPHONES
_X_Y_L_O_P_H_O_N_E:
There are two groups of xylophone soundfiles:
     _x_y_l_o_1 :  hard  mallets,  hard  hits;   6  multisamples,
     pitched _g_3 through _c_6

     _x_y_l_o_2  :  medium (cord) mallets, softer hits ; 9 multi
     samples, pitched _a_4 through _c_8

_T_E_M_P_L_E _B_L_O_C_K_S _a_n_d _W_O_O_D_B_L_O_C_K_S_:
_t_b_1   temple block; approximate strike tone is ef5
_t_b_2   temple block; approximate strike tone is c6 (flat)
_w_b    woodblock; approximate strike tone is af5a

(The _s_f_l_i_b_/_a_f_r_i_c_a directory includes 8 pitched wooden  block
soundfiles similar to woodblocks.)

                       --------------

         IV. SHAKERS and MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS

The timbres of the two cabasa soundfiles, _c_b_s_a and _c_b_s_a_._r_o_l_l
sound somewhat like sandpaper blocks, and also are timbrally
similar  to  the  brazilian  shaker (_s_h_a_k_e_r_._b_r_a_z_._h_i), and to
some of the shakers in the _a_f_r_i_c_a directory.
_m_a_r_a_c_a_r_o_l_l is a maraca roll.
(See also the two _m_a_r_a_k_a soundfiles  in  the  _a_f_r_i_c_a  direc
tory.)
_r_a_t_c_h_e_t
There  are two groups of shaken _r_a_t_t_l_e soundfiles, _r_a_t_t_l_e_1_._1
through _r_a_t_t_l_e_1_._5, and the higher pitched _r_a_t_t_l_e_2_._1  through
_r_a_t_t_l_e_2_._4.  Both  groups  include single shakes and multiple
shakes.
The three _c_a_s_t soundfiles (_c_a_s_t_, _c_a_s_t_._a_5 and _c_a_s_t_._r_o_l_l)  are
castenets.
The two _w_a_t_p_h soundfiles are waterphones.

    -----------------------------------------
There are many additional non-Western percussive soundfiles within other sflib
directories, including the world, africa, america, chinaperc, and world directories.

